Refactoring Suggestions

Review the following code and suggest refactoring improvements focused on readability and maintainability.

Specifically evaluate:
Naming of variables, functions, and classes
Function length and responsibility (single-responsibility principle)
Code structure and logical flow
Duplication and opportunities for abstraction
Comment quality (missing, redundant, or misleading comments)
Consistency in formatting and style

For each suggestion:
Explain why the change improves readability
Provide before/after code snippets where helpful
Keep behavior and output functionally identical unless explicitly stated

Avoid performance micro-optimizations unless they also improve clarity.
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